Chess

Chess Pieces
Rook- moves along rows or columns (horizontal & vertical).

Bishop- stays on squares of the same color throughout a game, and moves diagonally.

King - moves only one square in any direction. The king and the rook have a special move called castling. Castling can be done only if the king and the rook have never been moved and if the spaces between them both are empty, and you move your rook where the king is and then you move the king a space next to you rook.

Knight - moves to a square in an L-shape (two spaces forward, backward, left, or right and one space perpendicular to it).

Queen- moves to any squares in any direction along a row, column, or diagonal.

Pawn- moves one space in a striaght row, 2 spaces when its on its place from the starting point. When directly diagonally of an enemies piece the pawn can capture it.

**Setting up the board**

To set up the chess board you have to put all the pieces in order. There are always two different colors in a chess game; black and white. Each player has 2 rooks, 2 knights, 2 bishops, 1 king, 1 queen and 8 pawns. The order in chess would be your rook, knight, bishop, queen, king, bishop, knight, and then your other rook. Then you put your 8 pawns in a row in front of all your other pieces. Your oppent will set up their chess pieces the same way.



**Rules of chess**

- The player with the white pieces always moves first. - If you touch a piece it has to be moved unless moving that piece is putting the king in check. - Each move must be made with one hand. - The chessboard is placed so that the white square is on the right side of the player. - When using a clock, the button must be pushed using the same hand as you used move the chess piece. - When castling, the king must be moved first and then you move the rook to the oppisite side of the king.

Check and Checkmate
**Check** - When your king is attacked we call it “check”. When your king is in check you must move it to another square where its not being attacked by your oppoments piece so it canbe safe. You an also move another piece in front of your king to the block the check or if you have a piece that can capture the piece that put you in check then do so your king is not in check.

**Checkmate** – If your king is in check and cannot move to a square where your enemy’s piece is not attacking your king or your king cannot get out of check we call it “checkmate” and then the game is lost.

**How games can be a draw.**

1. You cannot checkmate with a king and bishop against a king, king and knight against a king, 2 knights and king against a king, and a king against a king. 2. If the same move is made three times then the player can claim a draw. 3. If both players made 50 moves without making a capture or has moved a pawn then a player may call a draw. 4. If both players feel that the board is equal then they both can make an agreement and call it a draw. 5. If your oppent puts your king in check repeatedly we call that “perpetual check”. 6. If the king is not in check but cannot move to any other square because an enemy’s piece will put them in check we call that move”stalemate”.

**The History of Chess**

In 531 was the earliest chess was mentioned. It was introduced in Persia, but it had come from India. David Chauranga was the precursor. It was made in the Punjab and a 10 x 10 board was used. In 610 the chess pieces were identified. In 770 was the first mention of women playing chess. In China, chess was playing with dice. Also it was first played 795 in China. In Egypt – 620, Spain – 780, Italy – 800, France – 801, Russia – 820, Greece – 895, England – 1013, and in Poland – 1100. They say in medieval times black was the lucky color, that’s why in the game white moves first because black already has the advantage of the lucky color. Chess may have been used to train warriors or a civilized way for kingdoms to settle their differences. Also, chess pieces represent people and places of medieval times. Wars and ceremonies are represented by the chess game. They used the pieces to describe the lives of the unwealthy and wealthy people.